Flashcards for Christine Hay
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assembly line a line of workers and equipment boom a period of fast economic growth stock market the place where stocks are bought and sold prohibition the act of forbidding something. In the 1920's it was the forbidding of buying and selling alcohol. unemployment the number of people without a job depression a period when many people can't find work and many others have no money to keep businesses going debt money that one person owes another social security a government program that provides money to people over the age of 65 and to those with disabilities tariff a tax on imported goods states rights the idea that the states not the federal government should make the decisions about matters that affect them sectionalism loyalty to one part of the country abolitionist someone who joined the movement to end slavery discrimination unfair treatment of a particular group underground railroad a series of escape routes and hiding places to bring slaves out of the south slave state a state that allowed slavery free state a state that did not allow slavery Union another name for the united states popular sovereignty an idea that people who live in a place make decisions for themselves fugitive a person who is running away secession when a part of a country leaves or breaks off from the rest confederacy the name chosen by the states that left the Union at the time of the Civil War civil war a war between two groups within a nation noun a word that names a person, place, or thing pronoun a word that takes the place of one or more nouns contraction a short way of writing two words together adjective describes a noun or pronoun adverb a word that describes a verb article the words (adjectives) "a", "an", and "the" are a special kind of adjective--they are adverbs verb a word that expresses action or being linking verb connects the subject to a word or words in the predicate (the most common linking verbs are forms of be: am, is, are, was, and were) declarative a sentence that makes a statement and ends with a period imperative a sentence that gives a command or makes a request--it ends with a period exclamatory a sentence that expresses strong feeling--it ends with an exclamation mark interrogative a sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark prefix a letter or letters added to the beginning of a word--the prefix changes the meaning of the word suffix a letter or letters added to the end of a word synonym a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word antonym a word opposite in meaning to another homograph one of two or more words that have the same spelling but differ in origin, meaning, and sometimes pronunciation homophone a word that sounds like another word but has a different meaning and spelling metaphor a expression in which something is described by comparing it to something else, without using the words "like" or "as" simile the comparing of two different things or ideas using words such as "like" or "as" Ratify to accept Amendment a change to the Constitution Inauguration the official ceremony to make someone president Ordinance a law Federal system a system in which states share power with the central government Republic a government in which the citizens elect leders to represent them Democracy a government in which the people have the power to make political decisions Cabinet a group chosen by the president to help run the executive branch of government and give advice Interest what people pay to borrow money Virginia Plan James Madison's plan for a new government with three parts (now known as the three branches of government) Great Compromise written by Roger Sherman. A compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan. This divided Congress into two houses. The Senate is represented equally from each state. Daniel Shays a farmer in Massachusetts who led a group of 1,100 farmers in protest 3/5 Compromise this rule counted 5 slaves as 3 free people (helped to increase the population number) Articles of Confederation a plan of government created by the Continental Congress. It was very weak and left most of the power to the states. Bill of Rights a list of rights of individuals such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion. It is the first 10 amendments to the Constitution written to protect the rights of the people of the United States. James Madison a member of Congress from the State of Virginia. He wanted a federal system of government. He took notes during the convention that help us know what the people said and did. New Jersey Plan gave each state oone vote and disagreed with representation depending on population. It argued that small states should have as much power as large states. Benjamin Banneker a farmer who studied astronomy and other sciences. He helped survey or measure the land for the new capital (Washington DC) Checks and Balances a system that lets each branch of government limit the power of the other two French and Indian War Great Britain and France fought for control of eastern North America British Imperial Policy the British government tried to raise money in the colonies to pay for the French and Indian War 1765 Stamp Act put a tax on almost everything that was printed (i.e. newspapers, calendars, playing cards) No Taxation without Representation colonists believed that their local elected representatives, not Parliament, should pass tax laws Intolerable Acts the acts imposed upon the colonists; stopped trade, ended town meetings, created extreme presence of British troups, and required colonists to quarter British soldiers Sons of Liberty organized group who protested against the Stamp Act Boston Tea Party members of the Sons of Liberty emptied 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor to oppose British taxes and laws Declaration of Independence a document which marks the beginning (birth) of the United States Battle of Lexington and Concord the first battles of the Revolutionary War period, the first shot fired is known as "the shot heard 'round the world" Battle of Yorktown by winning this final battle, the United States gained independence King George III king of England who supported British policies that led to American Revolution George Washington commanded Continental armies during Revolution Benjamin Franklin printer, writer, publisher, scientist, and inventor Thomas Jefferson 3rd President of the United States; wrote Declaration of Independence Benedict Arnold general in American Revolution; committed treason Patrick Henry Revolutionary leader and orator John Adams 2nd President of the United States; Boston lawyer who defended the soldiers who participated in the Boston Massacre Battle of Bunker Hill (Breeds Hill) actually fought on Breeds Hill; militia showed they could fight well First Continental Congress colonists' meeting held in Philadelphia to discuss the Intolerable Acts Committees of Correspondence set up by Samuel Adams and other colonial leaders to share news with the other colonies rotate to spin around an axis axis an imaginary line that runs through the center of the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole revolve to travel in a closed path orbit the closed path of one object in space around another object; or to move in such a path moon a natural body that revolves around a planet phase one of the shapes the moon seems to have as it orbits Earth solar system a star and all the planets and other objects that revolve around it planet a large body that revolves around a star comet a ball of rock, ice, and frozen gases that revolves around the sun star a huge ball of superheated gases sun the star at the center of our solar system constellation a pattern of stars that form an imaginary picture or design in the sky galaxy a huge system of gases, dust, and many stars universe everything that exists in space free enterprise the system in which people may start any business that they believe will succeed artisan someone who is skilled at making something by hand, such as silver spoons or wooden chairs apprentice someone who studies with a master to learn a skill or business debtor a person who owes money proprietor a person who owned and controlled all the land of a colony free market economy an economic system in which the people, not the government, decide what will be produced militia a group of ordinary people who train for battle representative someone who is chosen to speak and act for others dissenter a person who does not agree with the beliefs of his or her leaders refuge a safe place town meeting a gathering where colonists held elections and voted on the laws for their towns compact an agreement cape a strip of land that stretches into a body of water. diversity the variety of people in a group tolerance respecting beliefs that are different from one's own missionary a person who teaches his religion to others who have different beliefs self government when people made laws for themselves industry all the businesses that make one kind of product to provide one kind of service export a product sent to another country to be sold import a product brought into another country to be sold middle passage the voyage from Africa to the West Indies slave trade the business of buying and selling human beings pilgrim a person who makes a long journey for religious reasons point an exact location in space line a straight path that continues without end in both directions line segment part of a line with two end points ray part of a line with one end point and continues without end in one direction plane a flat surface that continues without end in all directions vertex the point at which two rays meet to form an angle angle two rays with the same endpoint protractor tool for measuring the size of an angle degree unit used for measuring angles right angle 90 degrees acute angle angle less than 90 degrees obtuse angle an angle more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees straight angle an angle that measures 180 degrees diagonal line a line segment joining nonadjacent vertices of a polygon rotation a movement of a figure to a new position by rotating it around a point intersecting lines lines that cross each other to form 4 angles parallel lines in a plane that nevcer intersect and are always equal distance apart perpendicular lines that intersect to form right angles quotient answer to a division problem dividend the number being divided |
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