common factor

A number that is a factor of two or more numbers

Example:

The common factors of 6 and 12 are
1, 2, 3, and 6.

common multiple

A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers

Example:

A common multiple of 4 and 6 is 24.

The property that states that when the order of two or more addends is changed, the sum is the same

Example:

4 + 5 = 5 + 4

Commutative Property of Multiplication

The property that states that when the order of two or more factors is changed, the product is the same

Example:

5 x 7 = 7 x 5

decimal number

A number with one or more digits to the right of the decimal point

Example:

3.27

decimal point

A symbol used to separate dollars from cents in money, and the ones place from the tenths place in decimal numbers

Example:

decimal system

A system of computation based on the number ten

Example:

denominator

The number below the bar in a fraction that tells how many equal parts are in the whole

Example:

difference

The answer in a subtraction problem

Example:

3 is the difference.

digit

Any one of the ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 used to write numbers

Distributive Property of Multiplication

The property that states that multiplying a sum by a number is the same as multiplying each addend by the number and then adding the products

Example:

      3 x (4 + 2) = (3 x 4) + (3 x 2)
3 x 6 = 12 + 6
18 = 18

dividend

The number that is to be divided in a division problem

Example:

35 ÷ 5 = 7
The dividend is 35.

divisible

A number is divisible by another number if the quotient is a whole number and the remainder is zero

Example:

21 is divisible by 3.

division

The process of sharing a number of items to find how many groups can be made or how many items will be in each group; division is the inverse of multiplication

Example:

6 ÷ 3 = 2

divisor

The number that divides the dividend.

Example:

18 ÷ 3 = 6      

The divisor is 3.

equation

An algebraic or numerical sentence that shows that two quantities are equal

Examples:

equivalent

Having the same value

Example:

equivalent decimals

Decimals that name the same amount

Example:

0.5 = 0.50 = 0.500

equivalent fractions

Fractions that name the same amount

Example:

equivalent ratios

Ratios that make the same comparisons

Example:

estimate

To find a number that is close to an exact amount

Example:

fraction

A number that names a part of a whole or a part of a group

Example:

greatest common factor (GCF)

The greatest factor that two or more numbers have in common

Example:

18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30

6 is the GCF of 18 and 30.

greater than (>)

A symbol used to compare two numbers, with the greater number given first

Example:

8 > 6

8 is greater than 6.

inverse operations

Opposite operations that undo each other; addition and subtraction are inverse operations; multiplication and division are inverse operations

Examples:

5 + 4 = 9, so 9 – 4 = 5

3 x 4 = 12, so 12 ÷ 4 = 3

least common denominator (LCD)

The least common multiple of two or more denominators

Example:

least common multiple (LCM)

The smallest number, other than zero, that is a common multiple of two or more numbers

Example:

multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36

multiples of 9: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54

The LCM of 6 and 9 is 18.

common multiple

A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers

Example:

A common multiple of 4 and 6 is 24.

less than (<)

A symbol used to compare two numbers, with the lesser number given first

Example:

6 < 8

6 is less than 8.

like fractions

Fractions that have the same denominator

Example:

1         2
4         4

multiple

The product of a given whole number and another whole number

Examples:

multiplication

The process of finding the total number of items in equal-sized groups, or of finding the total number of items in a given number of groups when each group contains the same number of items; multiplication is the inverse of division.

Example:

3 x 4 = 12

number line

A line with equally spaced tick marks named by numbers

Example:

numerator

The number above the bar in a fraction that tells how many equal parts of the whole are being considered

Example:

order of operations

Rules for performing operations in expressions with more than one operation

Example:

percent

The ratio of a number to 100

Example:

40% of the squares are shaded

place value

Place value determines the value of a digit in a number, based on the location of the digit.

Example:
     

prime number

A whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors, one and itself

Example:

Property of One

The property that states that the product of any number and 1 is that number

Examples:

5 x 1 = 5

16 x 1 = 16

quotient

The number, not including the remainder, that results from dividing

Example:

35 ÷ 5 = 7      

The quotient is 7.

ratio

The comparison of two numbers by division

Example:

sum

The answer to an addition problem

Example:

12 + 7 = 19
The sum is 19.

unlike fractions

Fractions with different denominators

Example:

variable

A letter or symbol that stands for one or more numbers

Example:

Zero Property of Addition

The property that states that when you add zero to a number, the sum is that number

Examples:

4 + 0 = 4

59 + 0 = 59

Zero Property of Multiplication

The property that states that when you multiply by zero, the product is zero

Examples: