Your comprehension review answers should be based around the following points:

1. The forty-niners were people who came to California in 1849 and later in search of gold.

2. Believed in states’ rights and were upset by the election of Republican Abraham to the presidency.

3. The Wade-Davis Bill said that a state had to meet two conditions before it could rejoin the Union.   First, the state had to ban slavery. Second, a majority of the adult males in the state had to take the loyalty oath. Only those southerners who swore that they had never supported the Confederacy would be allowed to vote or hold office.

4. The Freedmen’s Bureau distributed food, provided education, and offered legal help.

5. Reconstruction governments built the first state-funded school systems in the South, built new hospitals, prisons, and orphanages, and passed laws to end discrimination against African Americans. They also rebuilt railroads, bridges, and public buildings.

6. Sharecroppers had to buy supplies on credit because they did not have money. In addition, merchants often cheated them. If the harvest was bad, sharecroppers would be unable to pay off their balance.

7. At Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota, the U.S. Army found a camp of Sioux. When they faced each other, a shot was fired and the U S troops began firing, killing at least 150 Sioux.

8. They cut off the Comanche’s access to food and water and stole their horses. Unable to survive, the Comanche surrendered.

9. Mining was very dangerous work. The methods miners used caused explosions or raised dust that could cause lung disease. Miners worked in hot, stuffy tunnels filled with poisonous gases. In addition, Chinese and Mexican miners were often discriminated against.

10. Ranchers found that the longhorn cattle did well on the Plains and the cold winters killed the ticks that caused Texas Fever.

11. The Homestead Act granted them land.

12. Andrew Carnegie became one of the most admired business leaders of the late 1800’s because of his humble beginnings as a poor immigrant who later became a railroad superintendent. After investing in iron mills and bridge businesses, he set out to dominate the steel industry. Carnegie’s businesses succeeded in part through his use of vertical integration. He also gave away much of his fortune to charity.

13. The Populist party platform in the election of 1892 called for government ownership of railroads and the telephone and telegraph systems, the free coinage of silver, an eight-hour workday, and immigration restrictions.

14. Manufacturers and farmers could get their products to market more rapidly by rail. Cities such as Chicago and Kansas City grew rapidly where major rail lines met. Railroads also promoted western development by offering free tickets to settlers. Railroads also promoted western development by offering tree tickets to settlers. Railroads and their related industries became some of the largest employers in the United States.

15. Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act in July 1890 as an effort by government to control monopolies and trusts.

16. Workers responded to Henry Frick by seizing control the town of Homestead, Pennsylvania. Pinkerton detectives attempted to enter the plant, only to be captured. The state militia restored order and eventually defeated the striking workers.