| Aquifer |
| – an underground layer of rock or soil that holds water |
| Artesian Well |
| – a well in which water rises because of pressure within aquifer |
| Drought |
| – a long period of scarce rainfall |
| Ecological Address |
| –Neuse River basin |
| Flood |
| – an excess of water covering the land |
| Glaciers |
| – a large mass of moving ice and snow on land |
| Hydrology |
| – the study of water |
| Hydrosphere |
| – the portion of Earth that contains water |
| Icecaps |
| – a glacier forming on an extensive area of relatively level land and flowing outward from its center |
| Icebergs |
| – a large floating mass of ice detached from a glacier |
| Reservoir |
| – a lake that stores water for human use |
| River Basin |
| – the region of land drained by a river and its tributaries |
| Watershed |
| – the land area that supplies water to a river system |
| Wetland |
| – a land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year |
| Absorbency |
| – the ability to take in a material |
| Adhesion |
| – the tendency of water to stick to other substances |
| Adhesive Forces |
| – the forces that make water stick to other substances |
| Buoyancy |
| – the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object that is immersed in the fluid |
| Capillary Action |
| – the process that moves water through a narrow porous space |
| Cohesion |
| – the attractive force between water molecules |
| Density |
| – the measure of mass of a substance per unit volume |
| Dissolve |
| – to melt in a liquid |
| Insoluble |
| – not soluble |
| Man-made fibers |
| – a man made object resembling a thread |
| – the amount of matter in an object |
| Natural fibers |
| – an object found in nature resembling a thread |
| Polarity |
| – uneven distribution of charges across a molecule |
| Soluble |
| – having the ability to be dissolved in another substance |
| Specific Heat |
| – the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius |
| Surface Tension |
| – the force that acts on the particles at the surface of a material |
| Synthetic |
| – prepared or created artificially; man-made not found in nature |
| Chemical Reactions Unit |
| compound |
| two or more elements that are chemically bonded |
| valance electrons |
| negatively charged particles located in the outer shell or outer energy level of an atom; these electrons cause bonding of atoms |
| ionic bond |
| atoms joined by transferring valence electrons and becoming ions (electrically charged atoms);between metals and nonmetals |
| covalent bond |
| atoms joined by sharing valence electons; between nonmetals |
| metallic bond |
| the same metal bonded to itself by many moving valence electrons; this bond gives metals their properties - malleablility, ductility, luster (shiny), good conductors of heat and electricity |
| Law of Conservation of Mass |
| states that mass is not lost or gained in chemical reactions; it is just rearranged |
| chemical symbol |
| symbol for an element; example: He = helium |
| chemical formula |
| symbol for a compound; example: NaCl = soduim chloride |
| reactants |
| the substances on the left side of a chemical equation; before the reaction |
| products |
| the new subsrtances on the right side of a chemical equation; after the reaction |
| Elements to Know! |
| hydrogen |
| helium |
| oxygen |
| nitrogen |
| carbon |
| boron |
| fluorine |
| sulfur |
| phosphorus |
| iodine |
| potassium |
| silver |
| nickel |
| iridium |
| argon |
| krypton |
| xenon |
| radon |
| radium |
| uranium |
| plutonium |
| lithium |
| beryllium |
| magnesium |
| copper |
| sodium |
| aluminum |
| silicon |
| chlorine |
| calcium |
| titanium |
| chromium |
| cobalt |
| arsenic |
| bromine |
| indium |
| platium |
| barium |
| mercury |
| Units 2- Matter |
| amount of matter in an object |
| volume |
| amount of space an object takes up |
| density |
| mass/volume |
| matter |
| anything with mass that takes up space |
| substance |
| a pure form of matter |
| compound |
| a substance formed from chemically combined elements |
| element |
| a substance formed of one kind of atoms |
| homogeneous mixture |
| two or more types of matter not chemically joined that is uniform in appearance (solutions, suspensions, emulsions) |
| heterogeneous mixture |
| two or more types of matter not chemically joined that is NOT uniform in appearance |
| the basic unit a matter |
| molecule |
| two or more atoms chemically bonded together |
| physical properties of matter |
| color, texture, hardness, mass, volume, density, state, solubilty, ductility, maleability, conductivity |
| chemical properties of matter |
| reactivity, flammability, combustiblity, luminosity |
| chemical change |
| new compounds are created |
| physical change |
| no new compounds are created |
| forms of energy |
| kinetic, potential, electric, electromagnetic, thermal, chemical |
| NOW GO REVIEW YOUR HOMEWORK SHEETS ON MATTER!! |
| Unit 1 Science and Safety |
| Review your lab safety |
| science |
| the search for knowledge in a systematic way using the scientific method and the body of knowledge discovered about our universe and world |
| observations |
| using your senses to collect information; specialized tools can help |
| inference |
| using observations to make a logical statement about the data; may or may not be true |
| quantitative observation |
| use numbers or measurements to describe |
| qualitative observation |
| describe using the qualities of something like color |
| classify |
| to group or organize by similarites or differences |
| make a scientific model |
| to simplify a complex idea to make it more easily understood |
| procedure |
| steps used in the experiment |
| analysis |
| using math to make meaning of the data |
| controlled variables |
| keeping all the other variables the same except the independent variable |
| conclusion |
| a statement about your discoveries in the experiment |
| theory |
| a well supported explanation in science in which some aspects are still not fully understood |
| hypothesis |
| an educated guess or prediction that can be tested in science |
| scientific method |
| the logical process by which scientist gather information |
| scientific law |
| facts or a process well documented and understood in science |
| independent variable |
| manipulated variable - controlled by the scientist - graphed on the x-axis |
| dependent variable |
| responding variable - measured by the scientist - graphed on the y-axis |
| technology |
| using scientific discoveries to make useful things for man |
| the International System of Units (metric system) |
| kilo- |
| hecto- |
| deca- |
| deci- |
| centi- |
| milli- |