Hi All,

Quater 4 Test2 is on Friday 5/27/16. Study your notes/ textbook and review the review questions at the end of the lessons.

Here is a study guide to help you with studying and extra credit'

Quarter 4 Test 2 Study Guide and Extra credit

Study the following concepts and complete the extra credit questions.

Lesson 1: The View From Earth

Vocabulary

Spectroscope, astronomical unit, light-year, apparent magnitude, luminosity

Key Concepts:

• How do astronomers divide the night sky?
• What can astronomers learn about stars from their light?
• How do scientists measure the distance and the brightness of objects in the sky?

Lesson 2: The Sun and Other Stars

Vocabulary

Nuclear fusion, star, radiative zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

Key Concepts:

• How do stars shine?
• How are stars layered?
• How does the Sun change over short periods of time?
• How do scientists classify stars?Vocabulary    
•          Key concepts:
• Nebula, white dwarf, supernova, neutron star, black hole
• Lesson 3: Evolution of Stars

• How do stars form?
• How does a star’s mass affect its evolution?
• How is star matter recycled in space?

Lesson 4: Galaxies and the Universe

Vocabulary:

Galaxy, dark matter, Big Bang theory, Doppler shift

Key Concepts:

What are the major types of galaxies?

What is the Milky Way, and how is it related to the solar system?

What is the Big Bang theory?

Extra Credit (15pts)

Answer the following extra credit study questions

1. Most stars are composed mainly of what two elements? _________ and _______.
2. If a star’s spectral lines are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, then the star is moving ___ the Earth.
3. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be separated into colors of the rainbow is _____
4. The unit most used by astronomers to express the distance to other galaxies is a_____
5. Stars A and B are the same size but Star A is hotter. Which one is brighter? _______
6. Why does Polaris, the North Star, appear to be stationary as the Earth rotates? ______________
7. The color of the hottest stars is ____.
8. Any hot, bright sphere of plasma like the sun is called a ____
9. The brightness of a star as we view it from Earth is the star’s ___________.
10. Galaxies are classified by their _________.
11. Name the three types of galaxies _________   _______________ ___________
12. What is the most accepted theory for the origin of the universe? _________
13. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way galaxy? ______________
14. The last phase (stage) for a small mass star is a ____________________
15. _______________ is the “fuel” of the sun.
16. By using a tool called a ___________astronomers can identify the elements in a star.
17. On an H-R Diagram, stars are classified by ________________________________
18. A ________ is the densest object in the universe, and no light escapes
19. A stellar nebula is composed of ______________________
20. What does a light year measure? ___________________
21. What is the phrase given to the combination of several atomic nuclei into one large nucleus?________

• Feedback: This figure represents a spiral galaxy.       30.Which of these is an object whose gravity is so great that no light can escape?
• 29. What color of stars tend to have the most mass?
• 28. __________—sudden increases in brightness, often near sunspots or prominences
• 27________—are clouds and jets of gases forming loops into the corona
• 26.The ______ is the wide, outermost layer of a star’s atmosphere.
• 25.The _______is the orange-red layer above the photosphere.
• 24.The ___ is the apparent surface of a star, where light energy radiates into space
• 23.In the ____, hot gases move toward the surface as cooler gases move down into the interior.
• 22.The _____________ is a shell of cooler hydrogen around a star’s core.