POSTED:
06/06/2014 at 2:10am BY:
nelson Fuamenya
HiParents and Students !
The end of he school year is very near and it is time for fianls,Below is a study guide and review Questions.
Please help/remind your child to study hard.They should also review the worksheets/notes especially the Basic struacture of the atom worksheet
-The review questions will count for 15% extra credit based on completion.
A hard copy will be handed out in class.
-Good luck to all
New
7th Grade Final Exam Review and Study Guide
Chap1
Key Concepts
• Every form of matter has two kinds of properties—physical properties and chemical properties.
• Elements are the simplest substances.
• When elements are chemically combined, they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements.
• Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Also, the parts of a mixture are not combined in a set ratio.
Key Terms
• matter chemistry substance physical property chemical property element ,atom, chemical bond, molecule, compound, mixture ,heterogeneous mixture , homogeneous mixture, solution
Chap 2
Key Concepts
• A fixed, closely packed arrangement of particles causes a solid to have a definite shape and volume.
• Because its particles are free to move, a liquid has no definite shape. However, it does have a definite volume.
• As they move, gas particles spread apart, filling the space available. Thus, a gas has neither definite shape nor definite volume.
Key Concepts
• Atoms are made of even smaller particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• An element can be identified by the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms.
know how to determine number of protons neutrons electrons atomic number isotope symbol mass number, chemical symbol of elements using the periodic table
Key Terms nucleus proton neutron electron atomic number isotope mass number
Chap 3
• Mendeleev noticed that a pattern of properties appeared when he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass.
• Each square in the periodic table includes the element’s atomic number, chemical symbol, name, and atomic mass.
• The properties of an element can be predicted from its location in the periodic table.
Key Terms
• atomic mass periodic table chemical symbol period group
Key Concepts
• The physical properties of metals include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.
• The reactivity of metals tends to decrease as you move from left to right across the periodic table.
• Elements that follow uranium in the periodic table are made—or synthesized—when nuclear particles are forced to crash into one another.
Key Terms: metal, malleable, ductile, conductivity, reactivity, corrosion alkali, metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, alloy
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Key Concepts
• Most nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity and are reactive with other elements. Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle.
• The most useful property of the metalloids is their varying ability to conduct electricity.
Key Terms nonmetal, diatomic, molecule, halogen, noble gas, metalloid, semiconductor
Review Questions: p.37-39
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,16-19,22-25
Review Questions: p.69-70 1,2, 3,7,8
Review Questions:p. 113
1,2,3,4,5,67,8,9,,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,18-22
POSTED:
15/05/2014 at 11:39am BY:
nelson Fuamenya
Hi Parents and Students,
Our quiz for above chapters will be nextweek 5/20.
here is a study guide:A hard copy and focus questions will be given in class.
Please assist your kids with the prep
Good Luck!
Chap 4 Nonvascualr seedless plants
Key Terms
Key Concepts
• Nearly all plants are autotrophs, organisms that produce their own food. All plants are eukaryotes that contain many cells. In addition, all plant cells are surrounded by cell walls.
• For plants to survive on land, they must have ways to obtain water and other nutrients from their surroundings, retain water, transport materials in their bodies, support their bodies, and reproduce.
• Scientists informally group plants into two major groups—nonvascular plants and vascular plants.
• Plants have complex life cycles that include two different stages, the sporophyte stage and the gametophyte stage.
Key Terms
• photosynthesis tissue chloroplast vacuole cuticle vascular tissue fertilization zygote nonvascular plant vascular plant chlorophyll sporophyte gametophyte
Photosynthesis and Light
Key Concepts
• When light strikes the green leaves of a plant, most of the green part of the spectrum is reflected. Most of the other colors of light are absorbed.
• The many chemical reactions of photosynthesis can be summarized by this equation:
Carbon dioxide and water combine in the presence of light to produce sugar and oxygen.
Key Terms
• transmission reflection absorption accessory pigment
Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
Key Concept
• The three major groups of nonvascular plants are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. These low-growing plants live in moist environments where they can absorb water and other nutrients directly from their environment.
Key Terms rhizoid bog peat
Ferns, Club Mosses, and Horsetails
Key Terms
Key Concepts
• Seed plants have vascular tissue and use pollen and seeds to reproduce.
• Inside a seed is a partially developed plant. If a seed lands in an area where conditions are favorable, it can begin to develop into a plant.
• Roots anchor a plant in the ground and absorb water and minerals. Stems carry substances between roots and leaves, provide support, and hold up the leaves. Leaves capture the sun’s energy for photosynthesis.
Key Terms phloem seed germination cambium transpiration xylem embryo root cap
• stomata pollen cotyledon
Gymnosperms
Key Concepts
• Every gymnosperm produces naked seeds. In addition, many gymnosperms have needle-like or scalelike leaves, and deep-growing roots.
• During reproduction, pollen falls from a male cone onto a female cone. In time, sperm and egg cells join in an ovule on the female cone.
• Paper and other products, such as the lumber used to build homes, come from conifers.
Key Terms
• gymnosperm cone ovule pollination
Angiosperms
Key Concepts
• All angiosperms produce flowers and fruits.
• All flowers function in reproduction.
• During reproduction, pollen falls on a flower’s stigma. In time, sperm and egg cells join in the flower’s ovule. The zygote develops into the embryo part of the seed.
• Angiosperms are divided into two major groups: monocots and dicots.
Key Terms
• angiosperm ,petal ovary ,dicot ,flower stamen fruit sepal pistil monocot
POSTED:
27/04/2014 at 3:55pm BY:
nelson Fuamenya
Hi Parents and students, Chapter 1-3 test is around the corner. There are lots of concepts to vocabulary to remember and note cards / constant review will be key.
Below is the study guide but we will be doing 3 review acitivities and they will count as 15% extra credit if completed. Please and encourage your kids to study!
A hard copy will be giving in class
Additionally Students are encouraged to complete work during enrichment as content work will count towards extra credit though enrichment is not graded.
Test Concept Study Guide
Chapters 1 Living Things
Chapter 2 Bacteria and Viruses
Chapter 3 Protist and Fungi
Chapter 1: Living Things
Key Concepts
l All living things have a cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, respond to their surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce.
l Living things arise from living things through reproduction.
l All living things must satisfy their basic needs for food, water, living space, and stable internal conditions.
Key Terms: organism, cell, multicellular, stimulus, response, development
Error! Reference source not found.
Key Concep Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.
The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common.
Taxonomic keys are useful tools for determining the identity of organisms.
Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together.
Key Terms: classification, taxonomy,binomial, nomenclature, genus, species, evolution
Domains and Kingdoms
Key Concepts
Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on their cell type, their ability to make food, and the number of cells in their bodies.
Although bacteria and archaea are similar in some ways, there are important differences in the structure and chemical makeup of their cells.
Scientists classify organisms in the domain Eukarya into one of four kingdoms: protists, fungi, plants, or animals.
Key Terms: prokaryote nucleus eukaryote
Chapter 2: Bacteria and Viruses
Key Concepts
Although viruses can multiply, they do so differently than organisms. Viruses can multiply only when they are inside a living cell.
All viruses have two basic parts: an outer coat that protects the virus and an inner core made of genetic material.
Once inside a cell, a virus’s genetic material takes over many of the cell’s functions. The genetic material instructs the cell to produce the virus’s proteins and genetic material. These proteins and genetic material then assemble into new viruses.
Key Concepts
Although viruses can multiply, they do so differently than organisms. Viruses can multiply only when they are inside a living cell.
All viruses have two basic parts: an outer coat that protects the virus and an inner core made of genetic material.
Once inside a cell, a virus’s genetic material takes over many of the cell’s functions. The genetic material instructs the cell to produce the virus’s proteins and genetic material. These proteins and genetic material then assemble into new viruses.
Concepts
Infectious diseases can spread through contact with an infected person, a contaminated object, an infected animal, or an environmental source.
Fortunately, many bacterial diseases can be cured with medications known as antibiotics.
Unlike with bacterial diseases, there are currently no medications that can cure viral infections.
Vaccines are important tools that help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Concepts
Infectious diseases can spread through contact with an infected person, a contaminated object, an infected animal, or an environmental source.
Fortunately, many bacterial diseases can be cured with medications known as antibiotics.
Unlike with bacterial diseases, there are currently no medications that can cure viral infections.
Vaccines are important tools that help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Chapter 3.Protists and Fungi
contractile vacuole cilia symbiosis mutualism algae pigment spore
Key Concepts
Like animals, animal-like protists are heterotrophs, and most are able to move from place to place to obtain food.
Like plants, algae are autotrophs.
Like fungi, funguslike protists are heterotrophs, have cell walls, and use spores to reproduce.
Key Concepts
In general, algal blooms occur when nutrients increase in the water.
Red tides are dangerous when the toxins that the algae produce become concentrated in the bodies of organisms that consume the algae.
Eutrophication triggers a series of events with serious consequences.
Key Terms
algal bloom red tide eutrophication
Key Concepts
Fungi are eukaryotes that have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food, and use spores to reproduce.
Fungi usually reproduce by making spores. The lightweight spores are surrounded by a protective covering and can be carried easily through air or water to new sites.
Fungi play important roles as decomposers and recyclers on Earth. Many fungi provide foods for people. Some fungi cause disease while others fight disease. Still other fungi live in symbiosis with other organisms.
Key Terms:fungi hyphae fruiting body budding
POSTED:
19/03/2014 at 4:26pm BY:
nelson Fuamenya
Hi All,
Chap 2;Weathering and Soil formation /Chap 3 erosion and deposition Test will be on Tuesday 3/25.
As I wrote earlier and have spoken to the students there are lots of facts to remember and constantly reviewing is the sure way to be successful
I have put together a list of key facts and vocabulary that are very helpful in narrowing the focus
Good luck!
Also students will have to review their Reading guides, notes and worksheets .
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil Formation and Chapter 3 Erosion and Deposition Test Study guide
You will need to Know the following Concepts:
Rocks and Weathering
Weathering and erosion work together continuously to wear down and carry away the rocks at Earth’s surface.
The two types of weathering
The causes of mechanical weathering include freezing and thawing, release of pressure, plant growth, actions of animals, and abrasion.
The causes of chemical weathering include the action of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, living organisms, and acid rain.
The most important factors that determine the rate at which weathering occurs are the type of rock and the climate.
Key Terms:soil uniformitarianism, mechanical weathering, abrasion, ice wedging
chemical weathering, oxidation, permeable
How soil forms
Soil is a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air.
Soil forms as rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials on the surface. Soil is constantly being formed wherever bedrock is exposed.
Scientists classify the different types of soil into major groups based on climate, plants, and soil composition.
Some soil organisms make humus, the material that makes soil fertile. Other soil organisms mix the soil and make spaces in it for air and water.
Key Terms: soil, bedrock. humus. fertility, loam, soil horizon, topsoil. subsoil, litter
decomposer
Soil Conservation
Soil is one of Earth’s most valuable natural resources because everything that lives on land, including humans, depends directly or indirectly on soil.
The value of soil is reduced when soil loses its fertility and when topsoil is lost due to erosion.
Soil can be conserved through contour plowing, conservation plowing, and crop rotation
Key Terms
sod, natural resource, Dust Bowl, soil conservation, contour plowing. conservation plowing crop rotation
Key Concepts
Weathering, erosion, and deposition act together in a cycle that wears down and builds up Earth’s surface.
Gravity causes mass movement, including landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep.
Key Terms, erosion sediment deposition gravity mass movement
Water Erosion
Moving water is the major agent of the erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface.
Through erosion, a river creates valleys, water–falls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes.
Deposition creates alluvial fans and deltas. It can also add soil to a river’s flood plain.
Groundwater can cause erosion through a process of chemical weathering.
Key Terms
runoff rill gully stream tributary flood plain meander oxbow lake alluvial fan
delta groundwater
The Force of Moving Water
Key Concepts
As gravity pulls water down a slope, the water’s potential energy changes to kinetic energy.
Most sediment washes or falls into a river as a result of mass movement and runoff.
A river’s slope, volume of flow, and the shape of its streambed all affect how fast the river flows and how much sediment it can erode.
Key Terms
energy potential energy kinetic energy abrasion load friction turbulence
Glaciers Erosion
Key Concepts
There are two kinds of glaciers—continental glaciers and valley glaciers.
Glaciers can form only in an area where more snow falls than melts. Once the depth of snow and ice reaches more than 30 to 40 meters, gravity begins to pull the glacier downhill.
The two processes by which glaciers erode the land are plucking and abrasion.
When a glacier melts, it deposits the sediment it eroded from the land, creating various landforms.
Key Terms glacier continental glacier ice age valley glacier plucking till morainekettle
Waves
Key Concepts
The energy in waves comes from wind that blows across the water’s surface.
Waves shape the coast through erosion by breaking down rock and transporting sand and other sediment.
Waves shape a coast when they deposit sediment, forming coastal features such as beaches, spits, and barrier beaches.
Key Terms headland beach longshore drift spit
Wind erosion
Key Concepts
Wind causes erosion by deflation and abrasion.
Wind erosion and deposition may form sand dunes and loess deposits.
Key Terms sand dune deflation loess
POSTED:
09/03/2014 at 12:51pm BY:
nelson Fuamenya
Dear PArents and students!
We are now on the next module Earth's Changing Surface online code (cae 0618)
and there many concepts and vocabulary that require much focus, study and review. Please help yur child with ensuring that they are reviewing daily.
Our next chapter test is coming up in the week of the 3/17-3/21
MOre information will be provided during the week.
Keep the hard work.
Sincerely,
Nelson Fuamenya
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