Hi All,

FYI, the 8th grade final exam will be on Wednesday 8th June. It is earlier than planned to avoid students taking multiple finals on a single day and also accomodate other planned end of year activities .This means learning will continue on concepts not covered on the finals.

15% Extra Credit

STUDENTS MAY PROVIDE ANSWERS TO THE STUDY GUIDE AND EARN 15% points

Good LUCK!

8^th Grade final exam Study guide

-Know how to calculate density using mass, volume

-Know the definition of Physical and chemical changes and give examples

-Know the differences among the variables; dependent, independent, and constant variables.

-Know how to identify different variables in experiments

-Know what tools scientists use to measure mass, temperature

-Know how to make more accurate conclusions from experiments

-Know the difference between qualitative and quantitative data.

-Know scientific tools used to measure; mass, weight, temperature, length, volume

-Know the units to measure; mass, weight, temperature, length, volume

-Know the different layers of the atmosphere

- Know how water reacts with different groups on periodic table

-know examples of variation in adaptations in animals

-Identify groups and periods on the periodic table and elements they contain

-Know how to interpret data on graphs

-Know impacts of deforestation

-Differentiate between air masses and global wind belts

- Differentiate mixtures, solutions, elements and compounds and how each is formed.

-Know how to tell what season with regard to position of sun.

- Differentiate radiation, convection, conduction with examples

- Differentiate cell divisions (mitosis and meiosis) and give their function.

-How does heat get reach the earth’s surface? Convection, conduction, radiation?

- Differentiate between solar and lunar eclipse

-Know to reduce bias in experiments

-Explain why same side of the moon is always visible from earth.

-Describe the process of photosynthesis and explain the equation.

-Know the temperatures of a different layers of atmosphere.

-Describe the process of rusting and how to prevent it.

-Identify the organelles responsible for respiration and photosynthesis

- Similarities among terrestrial (outer) planets and higher planets.

-How to determine acids and bases using pH scale.

-Describe how genetic information is passed from parent to offspring.

-Explain how low and high pressure systems influence the weather.

-Know what determines the fate of a star.

-Explain how environmental resources affects populations a species of animals.

-Explain the law of conservation of mass (matter) using a chemical equation.

-Know the gases that make up the inner, outer planets and the stars.

-Differentiate between a cold and warm front and how they form.

-Describe what provides energy for the water cycle.

-Identify the types of galaxies: elliptical. Irregular and spiral

Hi All,

Quater 4 Test2 is on Friday 5/27/16. Study your notes/ textbook and review the review questions at the end of the lessons.

Here is a study guide to help you with studying and extra credit'

Quarter 4 Test 2 Study Guide and Extra credit

Study the following concepts and complete the extra credit questions.

Lesson 1: The View From Earth

Vocabulary

Spectroscope, astronomical unit, light-year, apparent magnitude, luminosity

Key Concepts:

• How do astronomers divide the night sky?
• What can astronomers learn about stars from their light?
• How do scientists measure the distance and the brightness of objects in the sky?

Lesson 2: The Sun and Other Stars

Vocabulary

Nuclear fusion, star, radiative zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

Key Concepts:

• How do stars shine?
• How are stars layered?
• How does the Sun change over short periods of time?
• How do scientists classify stars?Vocabulary    
•          Key concepts:
• Nebula, white dwarf, supernova, neutron star, black hole
• Lesson 3: Evolution of Stars

• How do stars form?
• How does a star’s mass affect its evolution?
• How is star matter recycled in space?

Lesson 4: Galaxies and the Universe

Vocabulary:

Galaxy, dark matter, Big Bang theory, Doppler shift

Key Concepts:

What are the major types of galaxies?

What is the Milky Way, and how is it related to the solar system?

What is the Big Bang theory?

Extra Credit (15pts)

Answer the following extra credit study questions

1. Most stars are composed mainly of what two elements? _________ and _______.
2. If a star’s spectral lines are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, then the star is moving ___ the Earth.
3. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be separated into colors of the rainbow is _____
4. The unit most used by astronomers to express the distance to other galaxies is a_____
5. Stars A and B are the same size but Star A is hotter. Which one is brighter? _______
6. Why does Polaris, the North Star, appear to be stationary as the Earth rotates? ______________
7. The color of the hottest stars is ____.
8. Any hot, bright sphere of plasma like the sun is called a ____
9. The brightness of a star as we view it from Earth is the star’s ___________.
10. Galaxies are classified by their _________.
11. Name the three types of galaxies _________   _______________ ___________
12. What is the most accepted theory for the origin of the universe? _________
13. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way galaxy? ______________
14. The last phase (stage) for a small mass star is a ____________________
15. _______________ is the “fuel” of the sun.
16. By using a tool called a ___________astronomers can identify the elements in a star.
17. On an H-R Diagram, stars are classified by ________________________________
18. A ________ is the densest object in the universe, and no light escapes
19. A stellar nebula is composed of ______________________
20. What does a light year measure? ___________________
21. What is the phrase given to the combination of several atomic nuclei into one large nucleus?________

• Feedback: This figure represents a spiral galaxy.       30.Which of these is an object whose gravity is so great that no light can escape?
• 29. What color of stars tend to have the most mass?
• 28. __________—sudden increases in brightness, often near sunspots or prominences
• 27________—are clouds and jets of gases forming loops into the corona
• 26.The ______ is the wide, outermost layer of a star’s atmosphere.
• 25.The _______is the orange-red layer above the photosphere.
• 24.The ___ is the apparent surface of a star, where light energy radiates into space
• 23.In the ____, hot gases move toward the surface as cooler gases move down into the interior.
• 22.The _____________ is a shell of cooler hydrogen around a star’s core.

Hi All,

quater 4 Test 1 Chapter test Lessons 1-3 will be Friday 22 April, 2016

Please view Study Guide and extra credit below. Students are encouraged to read their notes, worksheets and this review guide /extra credit study questions!

Chapter Study Guide. EARTH-SUN-MOON

Quick Vocabulary

Lesson 1 Eath’s motion p 8-16

equator imaginary line that divides Earth into its northern and southern hemispheres

equinox day when Earth’s axis is not leaning toward or away from the Sun

orbit path an object follows as it moves around another object

revolution motion of an object around another object

rotation spinning motion

rotation axis line on which an object rotates

solstice day when Earth’s rotation axis is the most toward or away from the Sun

Lesson 2 Eath’s moon p 18-24

maria large, dark, flat areas on the Moon

phase lit part of the Moon or a planet that can be seen from Earth

waning phase occurs when less of the Moon’s near side is lit each night

waxing phase occurs when more of the Moon’s near side is lit each night

Lesson 3 Eclipses ad Tides p 26-32

lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into Earth’s shadow

penumbra lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked

solar eclipse occurs when the Moon’s shadow appears on Earth’s surface

tide daily rise and fall of sea level

umbra central, darker part of a shadow where light is totally blocked

Things you need to know!

Explain that the planets in our solar system revolve around the sun.

• Describe rotation as the process of Earth spinning on its axis.
• Define a day as the amount of time (about 24 hours) it takes Earth to

make one complete rotation.

• Understand that while Earth is rotating on its axis, it is also revolving

around the sun.

• Explain that Earth revolves around the sun every 365.25 days which

we refer to as a year.

• Understand that the different seasons are the result of the position of

Earth’s tilting axis relative to the sun.

• Differentiate between the terms solstice and equinox.
• State when the winter and summer solstices occur in the northern

hemisphere, and describe how the amount of daylight differs between

the two.

• Explain the causes of tides.

Review EXTRA CREDIT Questions 15pts

1. What is an axis? What is rotation?

2 What is a day and how long is it?

3 What is revolution?

4 What is a year and how long is it?

6. What is the tilt of the Earth’s axis? How does the angle of the sun’s rays make the insolation more intense?
7. Rank the letter for the amount of insolation that hits a square centimeter of the earth’s surface. Use the diagram to the right.
8. Where do the direct sun’s rays hit during the summer solstice?
9. Where do the direct sun’s rays hit during the winter solstice?
10. Where do the direct sun’s rays hit during the spring and fall equinox?
11. What season has the shortest day in the Northern Hemisphere?
12. What season has the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere?
13. What seasons have equal days and nights in the Northern Hemisphere?
14. What season and what is the term when Earth is the farthest from the sun?
15. Label and date the diagram below for each of the Earth’s positions in the Northern Hemisphere

8. What is a shadow?
9. What is an eclipse?
10. What is an umbra?
11. What is a penumbra?
12. What moon phase does a lunar eclipse occur in?
13. What moon phase does a solar eclipse occur in?
14. What occurs when the moon blocks the earth from the sun
15. What occurs when the earth casts a shadow on the moon? 2. Sketch the correct position of the earth, sun and moon during a lunar eclipse
16. How many high and low tides occur in one day?
17. How many hours are there between a low tide and high tide?
18. What is a high tide?
19. What is a low tide?
20. What type of tide occurs when the sun and moon’s gravity are working together?
21. What is a spring tide? 1. What moon phase(s) occurs during a spring tide?

Hi All,

This WebQuest

Outcome:  Students will understand how Earth’s tilt on its axis changes the length of daylight and creates the seasons.

Objectives students will use web resources to;

1:  Describe the relationship between the tilt of Earth's axis and its yearly orbit around the sun. a. Describe the yearly revolution (orbit) of Earth around the sun. b. Explain that Earth's axis is tilted relative to its yearly orbit around the sun.

2:  Explain how the relationship between the tilt of Earth's axis and its yearly orbit around the sun produces the seasons. a. Compare Earth’s position in relationship to the sun during each season. d. Use a drawing and/or model to explain that changes in the angle at which light from the sun strikes Earth, and the length of daylight, determine seasonal differences in the amount of energy received.

Go to the website below and read the introduction, process and evaluation

http://mrscienceut.net/SeasonsWebQuest.html

NOTE : A hard copy of the sections they need to research and complete was given in class but a copy can still be downloaded under the the task section

This will be 200 points and will count as an assessment grade.

Follow the rubric

Assgnment is due Wednesday 4/13